What grasses can and cannot do as a screen
Tall ornamental grasses can block views, hide utility equipment and soften a fence. They grow quickly, often reaching their full size within a season or two, and they cost less than many hedges. The main limitation is that most are deciduous: the foliage dies back in winter and is usually cut down in late winter or early spring. In cold climates, a grass screen is therefore strongest from late spring through winter, and it may thin or look rough in the coldest months. If you need year-round cover, combine grasses with evergreen shrubs or consider clumping bamboo where it is hardy.
Narrow, upright grasses
For tight spaces along a fence, a narrow footprint matters.
- Feather reed grass (Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’): forms an upright clump with flower stems that can reach roughly 5 to 6 feet. It was the first ornamental grass named Perennial Plant of the Year, in 2001. It is described as tolerant of clay and compacted soil.
- Upright switchgrass cultivars: such as ‘Northwind’, which holds a firm upright shape and can reach about 5 to 6 feet in flower.
- Miscanthus sinensis ‘Strictus’: an upright, banded-leaf form that can reach about 7 feet.
Taller and wider options
Larger Miscanthus cultivars such as ‘Gracillimus’ (about 6 feet, up to 7 with flowers) or ‘Zebrinus’ (around 7 feet, up to 8 with flowers) make substantial screens, but they need room to spread. Giant grasses can reach 10 feet or more, but some, such as pampas grass and giant reed (Arundo), are considered invasive in certain regions. Check local guidance first.
Clumping bamboo as an evergreen alternative
Clumping bamboo is sometimes described as a type of ornamental grass. It keeps its foliage year-round in suitable climates and can form a dense screen; see planting a bamboo privacy screen. Choose clumping types only: running bamboo spreads by rhizomes and can be very difficult to remove (more in running vs clumping bamboo). Hardiness varies widely, and some clumping species (such as Bambusa) suit warmer zones while others (such as Fargesia) tolerate colder winters, so check the rated zone before buying.
Spacing and planting along a fence
- Plant back from the fence by about half the mature width so foliage can arch without pressing on it.
- Space plants a little closer than the mature width if you want a continuous screen sooner, but allow air circulation.
- Water well in the first season. Most tall grasses become fairly drought tolerant once established.
- Full sun gives the strongest, most upright growth. For screening under trees, see shade-tolerant tall grasses.
Cutting back and the winter gap
Cut deciduous grasses to a few inches above the ground in late winter or early spring. Use hedge trimmers or sharp pruners and wear gloves, as blades can be sharp. If privacy matters in winter, consider leaving them standing until new growth emerges.
Species to be careful with
Some tall grasses seed freely or spread aggressively, including certain Miscanthus sinensis cultivars, pampas grass and giant reed in some areas. Check regional invasive lists and look for sterile or low-seeding selections.
Tall grasses in pots
Large containers can hold tall grasses for patios or balconies, though the plants are more vulnerable to winter cold in pots. See growing ornamental grasses in containers.